レジリエンスが高まるためのスペースを共に創る
南アフリカ、ケープタウンでのコミュニティ音楽療法プロジェクト
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v18i4.2592关键词:
community music therapy, resilience, South Africa, MusicWorks摘要
ミュージックワークスは南アフリカ、ケープタウンに拠点を置くNPO法人で、阻害されたコミュニティで育つ若者に音楽を通じた社会心理的支援を提供している。南アフリカでは、300年に渡る植民地主義によって、国民の大多数に浪費、ネポティズム（縁故主義）、腐敗、抑圧といった遺産が残され、アパルトヘイトへの道が開かれた。その影響は今もなお目に見える形で残り、現在および過去の政治的、社会的、経済的困難の結果、このミュージックワークスのプロジェクトが行われるラベンダーヒルのようなコミュニティに特有の、貧困、暴力団化、失業、家庭内暴力というパターンが延々と引き起こされた。こうしたコミュニティの若者のレジリエンスを促進し強化することは、この連鎖を打破するためだけでなく、コミュニティや社会全体に貢献するメンバーになり解決の一翼を担うようになるという意味でも、彼らを力づける。Ebersöhn’s (2012)のレジリエンスを資源とするレジリエンス生成理論によれば、個人が資源にアクセスし、つながり、集める方法として関係性を利用する時、リスクにさらされている状況の中でも有益な適応を促す可能性を持った環境（エコロジー）が形成される。
レジリエンスの社会生態学的（ソーシャル・エコロジカル）知見に基づき、本稿はラベンダーヒルでのミュージックワークスプロジェクトを概観し、若者や広範囲のスクールコミュニティーとの音楽活動の事例について考察する。このプロジェクトは、若者と彼らを取り巻く人々が、資源となる関係性を利用できるような音楽スペースを共同で創ることを目的としている。
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