Les centres de défense de l'enfance aux États-Unis et la musicothérapie
des relations en devenir
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v18i4.2589Mots-clés :
musicothérapie, Centre de défense des droits des enfantsRésumé
Aux États-Unis, les enfants victimes de traumatismes ou d’abus reçoivent des services dans les centres de défense des droits des enfants (CAC). Plus de 800 CAC ont fourni des traitements et des services à près de 325 000 enfants en 2016 (National Children’s Alliance, 2016b). Les CAC coordonnent le travail des équipes multidisciplinaires, y compris du personnel chargé de l'application de la loi, de la santé mentale, des soins médicaux et des services sociaux, afin d'aider les enfants et les familles à se soigner. Les CAC sont des groupes autonomes composés d’affiliations avec de nombreuses agences locales. Cet article décrit les normes de mise en œuvre du traitement par la Alliance Nationale des Enfants (NCA), y compris l’état de la mise en œuvre de la musicothérapie dans les CAC. La littérature a montré que la musicothérapie peut être utile pour répondre aux besoins des enfants et des familles ayant subi un traumatisme, suggérant que cela pourrait offrir une modalité de traitement utile dans les PCA. Cependant, la musicothérapie est rarement disponible dans les CAC. Cela peut être dû en partie à l’absence d’essais contrôlés randomisés, facteur déterminant pour l’inclusion dans la bibliographie annotée qui accompagne les normes de la NCA (National Children’s Alliance, 2013). La pratique de la musicothérapie a répondu aux besoins cliniques des enfants et des adolescents victimes de violence. Ce travail est souvent présenté sous forme de réflexions cliniques et non d’essais contrôlés randomisés. La musicothérapie n'est actuellement pas incluse dans les modalités de traitement utilisées par les PCA en raison d'un manque apparent de données probantes. Cet article tente de synthétiser les informations disponibles pour fournir aux CAC l’état actuel des recherches en musicothérapie auprès d’enfants maltraités. Cet article fournit également aux musicothérapeutes des informations détaillées sur la structure et la fonction des CAC, y compris une synthèse des normes de pratique de la NCA. L'article présente une description de la mise en œuvre des services de musicothérapie dans un CAC du New Jersey et comprend des recommandations pour les musicothérapeutes qui souhaitent rechercher des possibilités de pratique clinique dans les CAC.
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© Carol Ann Blank 2018
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