Musiktherapie in US-Gefängnissen
Philosophie, Praxis und Protokolle von Musiktherapeut*innen, die mit inhaftierten Personen in den USA arbeiten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v22i1.2872Schlagworte:
Musiktherapie, Strafvollzug, GefängnisAbstract
Obwohl die Vereinigten Staaten die höchste Inhaftierungsrate der Welt haben und Musiktherapie in amerikanischen Justizvollzugsanstalten schon seit fast einem Jahrhundert praktiziert wird, ist nur wenig über Musiktherapeut*innen bekannt, die Dienstleistungen für Menschen erbringen welche inhaftiert sind. Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich sind wichtig, da sie die klinische Praxis und die musiktherapeutischen Lehrpläne unterstützen und möglicherweise die Politik bei der Behandlung von Inhaftierten beeinflussen könnten. Diese Studie untersucht die Philosophie, die Praktiken und die Dokumentationen von Musiktherapeut*innen, die im US-amerikanischen Strafvollzugssystem arbeiten. Zertifizierte Musiktherapeut*innen (N = 542) füllten eine Online-Umfrage aus, in der sie ihre Gründe für oder gegen eine Tätigkeit im Strafvollzug darlegten. Teilnehmende die im Strafvollzug arbeiteten (n = 52) beantworteten zusätzlich Fragen zu ihren religiösen Überzeugungen und ihrer politischen Zugehörigkeit, zur musiktherapeutischen Praxis im Strafvollzug und zu den Dokumentationen aus Einrichtung in Bezug auf die Bereitstellung musiktherapeutischer Dienste. Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage zeigten Unterschiede in den demografischen Variablen der Musiktherapeut*innen. Musiktherapeut*innen die in Gefängnissen arbeiteten waren signifikant häufiger Männer (χ2 (1) = 6,57, p = .015) oder unterrepräsentierte ethnische Minderheiten (χ2 (1) = 5,82, p = .021). Musiktherapeut*innen welche nicht in Gefängnissen arbeiteten waren repräsentativ für die Gesamtpopulation der Musiktherapeut*innen in den USA (rund 90% weiße Frauen). Die Mehrheit der Befragten die im Strafvollzug arbeiteten, gab an, Demokraten zu sein, und mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten gab an, dass ihre religiösen und/oder spirituellen Ansichten keinen Einfluss auf ihre Entscheidung hatten, im Strafvollzug zu arbeiten. Musiktherapeut*innen adressierten in ihren Behandlungen am häufigsten die ‚emotionale Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit‘, ‚Impulskontrolle‘ und ‚Selbstwahrnehmung‘ durch rezeptives Musikhören, Diskussionen und das aktive Spielen von Instrumenten.
Wir erörtern die Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit den aktuellen Bemühungen um eine Verbesserung der Rehabilitations- und Behandlungsdienste innerhalb des amerikanischen Strafvollzugssystems.
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