Working With and Within Chaos

The Development of a Music Therapy Programme for Young Sex Offenders in South Africa

Authors

  • Helen Brenda Oosthuizen 1University of Melbourne, Australia; Teddy Bear Clinic, South Africa; University of Pretoria, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v18i4.2588

Keywords:

young sex offender, group music therapy, diversion, South Africa, holistic rehabilitation

Abstract

The Support Programme for Abuse Reactive Children, was initiated by the Teddy Bear Clinic (an NPO established to protect abused children) in South Africa in response to the increase of child-on-child offenders in this country.  This short-term programme aims to offer holistic rehabilitation to first time young sex offenders and incorporates conventional diversion approaches alongside creative programmes, including group music therapy. Based on a review of my session notes, this paper considers challenges and positive developments I experienced over time as the programme’s music therapist from 2006 to 2016. Although I often experienced this work as chaotic, findings suggest that through co-creating a context-specific music therapy programme alongside group members, clinic staff and the broader community, music therapy has offered an increasingly relevant and valuable complement to the diversion programme. Continuing challenges within this work are also highlighted.

Author Biography

Helen Brenda Oosthuizen, 1University of Melbourne, Australia; Teddy Bear Clinic, South Africa; University of Pretoria, South Africa

Helen Oosthuizen (MMus (Music Therapy)) is a South African based registered music therapist and GIM Fellow. She is currently pursuing PhD studies with the University of Melbourne, Australia. Helen's clinical work has included facilitating groups with young sex offenders at the Teddy Bear Clinic in Johannesburg between 2006-2017. Helen has served as a supervisor of music therapy masters students, published journal articles in this field and is a co-editor of the book, "Taking Music Seriously: Stories from South African Music Therapy".

References

Ansdell, G. (2004). Rethinking music and community: Theoretical perspectives in support of community music therapy. In M. Pavlicevic & G. Ansdell (Eds.), Community music therapy (pp. 65-90). London, England: Jessica Kingsley.

Arndt, N., & Naudé, L. (2016). Contrast and contradiction: Being a black adolescent in contemporary South Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(3), 267-275, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1185913.

Baker, S., & Homan, S. (2007). Rap, recidivism and the creative self: A popular music programme for young offenders in detention. Journal of Youth Studies, 10, 459-476.

Chaos. (2017). https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/.

De Carlo, A., & Hockman, E. (2004). RAP Therapy: A group work intervention method for urban adolescents. Social Work with Groups, 26(3), 45-59, https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J009v26n03_06.

Eagle, S. (2016). Cutting Corners. South Africa: Eagle Entertainment.

Findley, L., & Ogbu, L. (2011). South Africa: From township to town. Places Journal, https://doi.org/10.22269/111117.

Forbes, K., Fonseca, J., Addo, M., AKA, S., Master A. Flat, T., Shabangu, M., & Ntshakaza, Y. (2014). All eyes on me. (AKA, featuring Burna Boy, Da L.E.S. & JR). In Levels (Explicit)[MP3]. South Africa: Vth Season, Sony Music Entertainment Africa.

Guerrero, N., Marcus, D., & Turry, A. (2015). Nordoff-Robbins music therapy. In B. Wheeler (Ed.), Music therapy handbook (pp. 183-195). London, England: Guilford.

Hara, A. (2012). RAP (requisite, ally, protector) and the desperate contemporary adolescent. In S. Hadley & G. Yancy (Eds.), Therapeutic uses of rap and hip-hop (pp. 3-26). New York, NY: Routledge.

Hirschowitz, R., Worku, S., & Orkin, M. (2000). Quantitative research findings on rape in South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/rape/rape.pdf

Ierardi, F., & Jenkins, N. (2012). Rap composition and improvisation in a short-term juvenile detention facility. In S. Hadley & G. Yancy (Eds.), Therapeutic uses of rap and hip-hop (pp. 253-274). New York: Routledge.

Jaffé, P. (2010). Child and adolescent sexual abusers – For a rehabilitative approach driven by scientific evidence. In Europe for and with Children Programme (Ed.), Protecting children from sexual violence: A comprehensive approach (pp. 225-245). Strasbourg, Austria: Council of Europe.

Lotter, C. (2011). Music therapy with high-risk youth: An international perspective. In C. L. Norton (Ed.), Innovative interventions in child and adolescent mental health (pp. 75-95). New York, NY: Routledge.

Malekoff, A. (2014). Group work with adolescents (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guildford.

Mathews, S., & Gould, C. (2017). Preventing violence: From evidence to implementation. In L. Jamieson, L. Berry, & L. Lake (Eds.), South African Child Gauge 2017 (pp. 61-67). Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

McFerran, K., & Saarikallio, S. (2014). Depending on music to feel better: Being conscious of responsibility when appropriating the power of music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 89-97, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2013.11.007.

Miranda, D. (2013). The role of music in adolescent development: Much more than the same old song. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 18(1), 5-22, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2011.650182.

Moloi, R. (2016). Come to my kasi (Recorded by Priddy Ugly, featuring Refi Sings). In You Don't Know Me Yet [MP3]. South Africa: Wichi1080.

Ngcobo, N. (2016). Hell Naw (Recorded by Nasty-C). In Bad Hair [MP3]. South Africa: Mabala Noise Entertainment.

Oosthuizen, H. (2006). Diversity and community: Finding and forming a South African music Therapy. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 6(3), https://dx.doi.org/10.15845/voices.v6i3.277.

Oosthuizen, H., & Hadley, S. (2013). Narrative three: This skin I am in. In S. Hadley (Ed.), Experiencing Race as a Music Therapist: Personal narratives (pp. 43-56). Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.

Pavlicevic, M. (2002). Groups in music: Strategies from music therapy. London, England: Jessica Kingsley.

Prentky, R., Pimental, A., Cavanaugh, D., & Righthand, S. (2009). Understanding the treatment needs of adolescents. In A. R. Beech, L. A. Craig, & D. Kevin (Eds.), Assessment and treatment of sex offenders: A handbook (pp. 430-450). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Rio, R., & Tenney, K. (2002). Music therapy for juvenile offenders in residential treatment. Music Therapy Perspectives, 20, 89-97, https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/20.2.89.

Rolvsjord, R. (2006). Therapy as empowerment: Clinical and political Implications of empowerment philosophy in mental health practices of music therapy. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 6(3), https://dx.doi.org/10.15845/voices.v6i3.283.

Rothman, D. (2016). Early detection and intervention for adolescents at risk for engaging in abusive sexual behaviour: A case for prevention. In R. Laws & W. O’Donohue (Eds.), Treatment of sex offenders: Strengths and weaknesses in assessment and intervention (pp. 191-222). New York, NY: Springer.

Sithole, B., & Stockenstroom, S. (2014). Kasi rap wrapped in kwaito. Sunday World, Retrieved from http://www.sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/2014/07/28/kasi-rap-wrapped-in-kwaito.

Skaggs, R. (1997). Music-centred creative arts in a sex offender treatment programme for male juveniles. Music Therapy Perspectives, 15, 73-78, https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/15.2.73.

Smeijsters, H., Kil, J., Kurstjens, H., Welton, J., & Willemars, G. (2011). Arts therapies for young offenders in secure care – A practice-based research. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38, 41-51, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2010.10.005.

Stige, B. (2002). Culture-centred music therapy. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.

Teddy Bear Clinic (2014). Home. Accessed 8 May, 2015, Retrieved from http://ttbc.org.za

Watson, D. (2002). Drumming and improvisation with adult male sexual offenders. Music Therapy Perspectives, 20, 105-111, https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/20.2.105.

WHO. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Sexual violence WHO Department of Reproductive Health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/en/index.html

Woodward, S. C., Sloth-Nielsen, J., & Mathiti, V. (2007). South Africa, the arts, and youth in conflict with the law. International Journal of Community Music, 1(1), 69-88, https://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcm.1.1.69_0.

Wyatt, J. (2002). From the field: Clinical resources for music therapy with juvenile offenders. Music Therapy Perspectives, 20, 80-88, https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/20.2.80.

Yancy, G., & Hadley, S. (2012). Introduction: Give ‘em just one mic: The therapeutic agency of rap and hip-hop. In S. Hadley & G. Yancy (Eds.), Therapeutic uses of rap and hip-hop. New York, NY: Routledge.

Published

2018-10-17

How to Cite

Oosthuizen, H. B. (2018). Working With and Within Chaos: The Development of a Music Therapy Programme for Young Sex Offenders in South Africa. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v18i4.2588